Pisces constellation

 

Mina mandala – Burj al Hūt – Pisces Gemeli – Pisces Occidentalis – of the fish.

Alpha – Nodus (the knot) – Al Rescha – Risha – rope/cord – El Rishad – Katain – Khitain (Dual) – the two threads – Okda – Ukdat.

Beta – Fum al Samakah – fish’s mouth.

Zeta – Mulakilaka.

 

Constellations in Pisces

 

Revati, the 27th and final nakshatra station. Consists of 32 stars in the shape of a fish. Principal star Zeta Pisces. 

Deity – Pushan. 

 

Sculptor constellation

 

Bhāskara mandala.

 

Phoenix constellation

 

Sampāti mandala.

Alpha – Ankaa.

 

Hydrus constellation 

 

Hrada mandala.

 

Nebeluca Minor 

 

Grāba mandala.

 

 

Cassiopeia constellation

 

Kāsyapiya mandala – shaped like a W. Lady in a chair.

Alpha – Schedar – Shedir (breast) – Sadar.

Beta – Caph, palm (reaching from Pleiades) – Suniti – Kaf.

Gamma – Tsih – Cih (whip).

Delta – Rukbah (knee).

Epsilon – Navi – Ivan.

Eta – Achird.

 

 

Andromeda constellation

 

 Antarmada mandala – Dhruvamātā mandala.

Alpha – Alpheratz – Sirrah – Pratishtā tārā, the star of prestige – horse/navel – Al Feras – Surra.

Beta – Mirach – Mizar.

Gamma – Almach, earth-kid – Almakud, the bound one.

Chi – Adhil.

Alpheratz is also the belly of Pegasus.

 

Other constellations in Andromeda

 

El Baten El Hūt – Belly of the fish. Beta Andromeda, the 28th Arabic star asterism.

Aquarius constellation

 

Kumbha mandala – the water carrier – Burj Ad Dalu – Hudrochoos – water pourer.

Alpha – Sadal Melik (Fortunate star of the king).

Beta – Sadal Suud – Saidalmasud (Fortunate star of fortune).

Gamma – Skat – Scheat – Sak – Sakib – shin/leg/to pour.

Epsilon – Ancha (hip-bone) – Hanche – Haunch. 

Chi – Situla (water jar).

 

Constellations in Aquarius

 

Nakshatra Satatāraka or Satabhishā, the 24th nakshatra. Consists of a 100 stars in the form of a circle. 

El Sa’ad el Bulah – Lucky star of the swallower. Mu and Nu of Aquarius. The 23rd Arabic moon station. 

El Sa’ad el Sud – Lucky star of fortune. Beta and Xi of Aquarius. The 24th Arabic star mansion. 

El Sa’ad el Akbir – Lucky star of tents. Gamma, Eta and Zeta of Aquarius. The 25th Arabic star asterism. 

 

Pisces Australis constellation

 

Dakshina mina mandala – Mahāmina mandala – Pisces major – Dhifda al Awla (first frog).

Moon-fish pointing to the east.

Alpha – Fomalhaut – Matsyamukha – mouth of the fish.

Beta – Dhifda al Tania, of the whale.

 

 Grus constellation

 

Sārasa mandala.

 

Toucan constellation

 

Chanchuvrit mandala.

 Cepheus constellation

 

Sephāli mandala – King – Hyk – Capuja.

Alpha – Alderamin.

Beta – Alfirk (flock).

Gamma – Er Rai (shephard).

Xi – Kurhah – blaze – horse’s brow.

Mu – Garnet star.

 

Lacerta constellation

 

Godhā mandala – the lizard.

 

 

Pegasus constellation

 

Pakshirājasya mandala – Pegasi – Equus – Feras al Thani – second (winged) horse.

Alpha – Markab (saddle).

Beta – Scheat – Sak (front leg).

Gamma – Algenib (flank) – Al Jannah (wing).

Epsilon – Enif (nose) – Enir.

Zeta – Homam (high-minded) – Homān – Oman – hero.

Eta – Matar (rain).

Theta – Baham (livestock).

Mu – Sadalbari (lucky star of the excellent one).

Also, Azalfafge, the hoof of the horse is in Cygnus, and Alpheratz, the belly of the horse is in Andromeda. 

 

Other constellations in Pegasus

 

Nakshatra Purva-Bhādrapada or Prausthapada. The 25th nakshatra, 2 stars that look like a bell. Beta and Theta Pegasi. Deity – Aja Ekapād.

Nakshatra Uttara-Bhādrapada. The 26th nakshatra, also 2 stars that look like a bell. The stars are Delta Pegasus and a common star of two constellations Sirrah (Alpha Andromeda). Deity Ahi-budhnaya. 

El Farg El Mukdīm – The joy preceding. Alpha and Beta of Pegasus. The 26th Arabic moon station of the stars. 

El Farg Mukhar – The joy succeeding. Gamma Pegasus and Alpha Andromeda. The 27th Arabic star mansion.  

 

 Equuleus constellation

 

Asvatara mandala – the little horse.

Alpha – Kitalpha, part of the horse.

Capricorn constellation 

 

Makara mandala – Burj al Jidi – constellation of the goat – Aigocëros. 

Alpha – Al Geidi (the goat) – Makarāsura.

Beta – Dabih – Dzabih, the slaughterer.

Gamma – Nashira (bearer of good news).

Delta – Deneb Algiedi, tail of the goat.

 

Other constellations in Capricorn

 

El Sadeldsabih – Lucky star of the slough. Alpha and Beta of Capricorn. The 22nd Arabic star mansion. 

 

Microscopium constellation 

 

Anuvikshana mandala.

 

Indus constellation 

 

Sindhu mandala.

 

Pavo constellation

 

Mayura mandala. The peacock. The reduplication of the Ursa Major made in Southern Hemisphere by Sage Vishvamitra. 

Alpha – Pav.

 

 Octans constellation

 

Ashtāmsa mandala.

Beta – Yāmya-Dhruva.

 

Cygnus constellation

 

Hamsa mandala – The Swan – Galina – Hen – Ales Jovis – Bird of Jupiter – Milvus Ictin – the kite – Ornis – Kuknos.

Alpha – Puccha tara – Deneb Adiga, the tail piece or follower – Arided.

Beta – Albireo – Ireus – Albiero.

Gamma – Sadr.

Epsilon – Gienah, wing.

Omega – Ruchba.

Pi – Azelfafage (tortoise) – Al Az Zilf Af Faras, the hoof of the horse. Also in Pegasus. 

 

Vulpecula constellation

 

Srigāla mandala – the jackal.

 

Sagitta constellation

 

Vāna mandala.

 

Aquila constellation

 

Garuda mandala – Antinoūs – the eagle – Vultur Volans – An Nas’r at Tayr, flying eagle.

Alpha – Altair – Vasudeva – the flying one – bird.

Beta – Alshain, falcon (white).

Gamma – Tarazed (plundering falcon).

Iota/Lambda – Thalimain.

 

Other constellations in Aquila

 

The 22nd nakshatra Shravan. In the shape of an arrow, three stars Alpha, Beta and Theta of Aquila make this asterism. Deity – Vishnu.

The two ostriches, stars Iota and Lambda of Aquila – Thalimain. 

Mizam, the beam. Made up of Alpha, Beta and Gamma of Aquila. 

 

 

Delphinus constellation

 

Sravisthā mandala – the dolphin.

Alpha – Sualocin – Nicolaus.

Beta – Rotanev – Venator, the hunter.

Epsilon – Al Dhanb al Dulfim, tail of dolphin.

 

Constellations in Delphinus

 

Dhanishtā, the 23rd nakshatra. Consists of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Epsilon and Zeta of Delphinus in the shape of a hand-drum. Deity – The Vasus.

Sagittarius constellation

 

Dhanus mandala – Burj al Kaws – Toxotes – Archer and the bow.

Beta – Lanka.

Gamma – Tulasi.

Epilson – Kaus Australis, the southern bow. The milk dipper. 

 

Constellations in Sagittarius

 

Purva Ashada nakshatra, the 20th. 4 stars that look like a bed stead. Made up of Alpha, Gamma, Epsilon and Zeta Sagittarius. Deity – Apah.

Uttara Ashada nakshatra, 21st nakshatra. Consists of Beta, Delta, Iota and Lambda of Sagittarius. Deity – Visvadevas.

El Na’aim – The herds. 8 stars of Sagittarius. The 20th Arabic star mansion.

El Belda – The district. The starless space in Sagittarius. The 21st Arabic moon station.

 

Corona Australis constellation

 

Dakshina Kirita – the southern crown.

 

Telescopium constellation

 

Duravikshana mandala.

 

Ara constellation

 

Vedi mandala – The altar.

Draco constellation

 

Takshaka mandala – Nachaāch – Dragon – Tānnum, the serpent.

Alpha – Thuban (snake) – Uttanapada – the dragon – Adib, the wolf/jackal.

Beta – Rastaban, the head of the dragon – Al Waid, she camel – Alawid, the lute player.

Gamma – Eltanin – Sparsamani.

Delta – Altais – Nodus Secundus, the second knot.

Epsilon – Tyl – Kin yu, goldfish.

Zeta – Edasich (Hyena).

Lambda – Giauzar (dragon) – Giansar – Khanzir, the boar.

Mu – Arrakis (dancer).

Nu – Kuma (as last).

Xi – Grumium – jaw/snout of pig.

Sigma – Alsafi.

Psi – Dziban (the two jackals).

 

Constellations in Draco

 

Alwaid – Mother camel, Beta, Gamma, Nū and Xi of Draco.

 

Lyra constellation

 

Vinā mandala – Fides – Vultur Cadens. An Nas’r al Waki – Falling eagle – Lura – The Lyre.

Alpha – Vega – Nilamani – swooping eagle.

Beta – Sheliak – Sambyke – harp/lyre – Chelus – Al Selibak.

Gamma – Sulafat (tortoise) – Sulahfa, shell of tortoise – Zugon, shell or yoke of the Lyre.

Eta – Aladfar.

Mu – Athfar.

 

Other constellations in Lyra

 

Old nakshatra Abhijit. Consisted of stars Alpha, Delta and Epsilon of Lyra, in the shape of water chestnut (paniphala). Deity – Brahma.

 

 

 

Opiuchus constellation

 

Sarpadhāri mandala – The serpent bearer – Anguitenens. Serpentarius. 

Alpha – Ras alhague (head of snake) – Ras al Hawwa (head of the snake charmer).

Beta – Cheleb – Celbalrai (dog of the shepherd).

Delta – Yed (hand) – Yad.

Eta – Sabik (the preceding).

Lambda – marfik (elbow) – Marsic.

Scorpio constellation

 

Vrischika mandala – Burj al Akrab – Scorpion – Nepa.

Alpha – Antares – Rohini-tara – Anti – Areus – Hakrab – Angaraka – Mangala – Virabhadra – Virochana.

Beta – Graffias – Acrab (claws) – Syam – Ikhil, the crown.

Delta – Dschubba (forehead).

Theta – Sargas (seizer).

Zeta – Sabal.

Lambda – Shaula (raised tail).

Nu – Jabbah.

Sigma – Al Niyat (arteries).

Upsilon – Lesath (the sting).

Omega – Jabhar al Akrab (scorpion’s forehead).

 

Constellations in Scorpio

 

Anuradha nakshatra, the 17th of lunar zodiac. Made up of Delta, Eta, Kappa and Omega Scorpio. Deity – Mitra.

Jyeshtā nakshatra, the 18th Indian asterism, consists of Alpha, Iota and Theta of Scorpio. Deity – Indra.

Mulā nakshatra, the 19th lunar mansion – Vichrita – made up of 5 stars in the shape of a conch shell.

Made up of stars Beta, Gamma, Zeta, Lambda and Nu.

Deity – Nirriti.

 

El Iklil – The crown. Beta Delta and Pi of Scorpio. The 17th Arabic lunar mansion.

El Kalb – The heart. Alpha Scorpio. The 18th Arabic moon station.

El Esh Shawla – The curved tail. Lambda and Upsilon of Scorpio. The 19th Arabic star asterism.

 

Triangulum constellation 

 

Trikona mandala.

Alpha – Mothallah.

 

Triangulum Australis constellation

 

Dakshina Trikona mandala.

Alpha – Atria.

 

Norma constellation

 

Mānadanda mandala.

 

Hercules constellation

 

Harikulesa mandala – Engonasin – Ingeniculus – Nisus/Nixus – Al Jatha, the kneeler. Forms 3 lotuses.

Alpha – Ras Algethi (head of the kneeling one).

Beta – Kornephoros (club-bearer) – Rutilicus, little spade.

Delta – Sarin.

Kappa – Maasim (wrist).

Xi – Marfik.

Omega – Cujam (club).

 

Corona Borealis constellation

 

Uttar Kirita mandala – The northern crown – Alfekka, the broken dish – Dervish’s dish.

Alpha – Alphecca – Gemma – broken ring of stars – a gem – Clava Coronae, the key of the crown – Al Kāsā, the dervish’s dish.

Beta – Nusakan (the two).

 

Serpens constellation

 

Sarpa mandala – Serpens Ophiuchi – The snake.

Alpha – Unukalhai (neck of the snake).

Beta – Chow (imperial dynasty).

Theta – Alya (thick tail).

Libra constellation

 

Tula mandala – The balance – Burj al Mizan – Chelai, the claws.

Alpha – Zuben Esh Shemali, the northern claw(of the scorpion) – Saumya-Kilaka – Zubenesh.

Beta – Zuben el Janib – Zubenelg, southern claw – Yamya Kilaka.

Delta – Mulu-Lizi, man of fire – Tarit – Al Hakrab, the scorpion.

Eta – Zubenhakrabi, scorpion’s claw.

 

Constellation in Libra

 

Nakshatra Visākha – Radha. The 16th of sequence. Made up of Alpha and Beta Libra. Deity – Indra and Agni.

 

El Zubana – The claws. Alpha and Beta Libra. The 16th Arabic lunar mansion. 

 

 Lupus constellation 

 

Sārdula mandala – the wolf.

Alpha – Men.

 

Constellations in Lupus

 

Vyāghra, old nakshatra – Vrik.

Made up of Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta Lupus.

 

Centaurus constellation 

 

Mahishāsura mandala.

Alpha – Rigel Kentaurus.

Beta – Hadar – Agena.

Gamma – Muhlifain.

Theta – Menkent.

Kappa – Ke Kwan.

 

Circinus constellation

 

Vritta mandala – compass.

 

Apus constellation 

 

Dhumrāt mandala – bird of paradise.

Ursa Minor constellation 

 

Sisumāra mandala – Little bear – Cynosura – Al Dub al Asghar – Al Rakubah, the chariot.

Alpha – Polaris – Dhruva – the north star.

Beta – Kochab – Indra – Kokab – star.

Gamma – Pherkab – Dharma.

Delta – Yildun – Narayana.

Epsilon – Varuna.

Eta – Asvin.

Zeta – Mitra.

 

 

Bootes constellation 

 

Bhutesa mandala – The Waggoner – Bubulcus – Simak al Ramih.

Alpha – Arcturus – Nishthya – Kharga – bear guardian.

Beta – Nekkar, cattleman/driver – Bakkar – Alkalurops, shephard’s staff.

Gamma – Seginus – Theguius.

Epsilon – Izar – Pulcherrima – the wonderful star – Mirak.

Eta – Murphid, the isolated.

Mu – Alkalurupos.

 

Constellation in Bootes

 

Nakshatra Svati – made up of Alpha Bootes also known as Kumkum varna. The 15th nakshatra. Deity – Pavana, the wind.

El Dhiba, the hyenas. Made up of Beta Gamma Delta and Mu of Bootes. 

Coma Berenices constellation

 

Karimunda mandala – the head of the elephant – The trees of Berenice – Plokamos – Urna-nabhi-mandala, the constellation of spiders – The threads gossamer – Gan-devas.

Alpha – Diadem.

 

Virgo constellation

 

Kanya mandala – Burj al Sumbalah – Apah – Abnam (proclaimer of rain) – Kumari – Istar, heaven’s daughter – Ashtoreth – Astarte – Sukanyā – Sāvitri – Artemis – Pritha – Sati – Sukesi – Kallu-plokamos – Mohini, the enchantress – Erek-hayim – Pātheya – Sumbulah Kamh, spike of wheat. Deity – Mercury. Star Tara in shape of an irregular Y, then 6 stars of Chitra in the same Y shape, then the entire constellation as the Y. 

Alpha – Spica – Tara – Supa, the lustrous – Nebittu Saziri (ear of the corn) – Stachys – Zera – Repa (the lord) – Al-simak – Mikros-Kantataros – Sati – Azimech, wheat of corn – Al a’sal, unarmed.

Beta – Nabhi-tara – Draupadi – Zavijava – Zavijara – Zawiyat, a corner – Jariyat, a slave girl – Zara’t, agriculture.

Epsilon – Protygeter – Vindemiatrix – fruit plucking herald – Savari – Siddhā – gleaning maid – Vindemia, grape-gatherer.

Delta – Āpa, the waters.

Theta – Apām-Vatsa, child of the waters.

Mu – Draupad, the world-tree.

 

Other constellations in Virgo

 

Chitra, the 15th nakshatra – Kakkab Sakh, asterism of prosperity – Ilu Da-mu (god of the sky furrow). 

Deity Tvashtā. Comprises of a single star – Tara.

Old nakshatra Svāti – Uz, the goat – Enzu – Kakkab Lilim. Made up of Iota, Kappa and Lambda of Virgo.

El Awwa – The barker/gaper. Beta, Eta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon of Virgo. The 13th Arabic moon station. 

El Simak – Spica, the ear of corn. Alpha Virgo. The 14th Arabic star asterism.

El Jaf’r – Thatch, the cover. Made up of Iota and Kappa of Virgo. The 15th Arabic lunar mansion.

 

 

Corvus constellation

 

Suparna mandala – Im-dugud-khu (the great storm-bird) – Ramānu-ikabbid – Ouraib, the crow – Korax.

Deity – Savita, the sun.

Alpha – Etasa – Algorab, crow.

Beta – Alchiba – Kraz – Tso Hea, left-hand lynch-pin.

Gamma – Gienah, the wing.

Delta – Algrab, raven.

Epsilon – Minkar, beak.

 

Other constellation in Corvus

 

Hastā nakshatra – Kakkab Ansu Kur-ra (asterism of animal from the east, I.e the horse) – Ilu-Imdugud-khu – asterism of the hand. The 14th. Constitutes the stars Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon and Alpha of Corvus.

 

Crater constellation

 

Kamysa mandala – the cup – Lut-tsir na, the cup of the snake – Asour – Karpat-Tsiri, bowl of the snake – Goblet.

Alpha – Alkes, the cup.

 

Crux constellation 

 

Trisanku mandala – the southern cross.

Alpha – Acrux – Crucis.

Beta – Mimosa, the plant.

Gamma – Gacrux.

 

 

Musca constellation

 

Makshikā mandala – The fly. 

 

Ursa Major constellation

 

Saptarishi mandala – the Great bear – constellation of the seven sages – Amesha Spentas – Bilu-Zakki-Mati (lord of the ghost-worlds) – Haptoiring – Chitra-Sikhandi – Rikshah – Dub-Kabir – Arctos Megale – Margidda, the long chariot – Plaustrum major, great wagon – Ti-cheh, chariot of the supreme – The great Wain – Kallisto – Suruchi – Helike.

Alpha – Dubhe – Alruccubah – Saptrishi Kratu.

Beta – Merak – Saptrishi Pulaha.

Gamma – Phecda – Fached – Saptrishi Pulastya.

Delta – Megrez – Saptrishi Atri.

Epsilon – Alioth – Saptrishi Angiras.

Zeta – Mizar – Mirza – Saptrishi Vasishta.

Star 80 – Alcor, the bird – Arundhati – Ashi – the evening – Saidak (the confident/the test of the minute) – The near one – Suka – Suha, the dim one.

Eta – Alkaid – Benetnasch – daughters – Marichi.

Theta – Al haud, the pond.

Iota – Talitha Borealis – Dnoces, third leap northern.

Kappa – Talitha Australis, third leap southern.

Lambda – Tania Borealis, second leap northern.

Mu – Tania Australis, second leap southern.

Nu – Alula Borealis, first leap northern.

Xi – Alula Australis, first leap southern – Lakshya.

Omicron – Muscida, muzzle.

 

Other constellations in Ursa Major

 

Nahushi – Nāgopavita, sacred thread made of the serpent. A figure of a serpent falling downward. Made up of the stars Iota, Tau, Omicron, Theta, Nu and star 23 of Ursa Major.

Al Awla – The first leap. Stars Nū and Xi, Ursa Major.

Tania – The second leap. Stars Lambda and Mū of Ursa Major.

Talitha – Third leap. Stars Iota and Kappa.

Kafzas – The leaps/the ages/ the 3 pairs – Kephrah – Phechrah.

Benetnash – The bear’s daughters, Epilson, Zeta and Eta of Ursa Major.

 

 Canis Venatici

 

Sārameya-yugala mandala – the hunting dogs – Kālakanjas

Alpha – Cor Caroli – Jyeshtha Kālankanja 

Beta – Kanishtha Kālankanja

Leo Minor constellation

 

Simha-sāvaka mandala – lesser Lion.

Alpha – Praecipula (principal star).

 

Leo constellation 

 

 

Simha mandala – Burj al Ased – The Lion – Urgula, big dog – Layish – Aru – Shir – Lik-gula – Aryeh – Leya – Simhika. Deity – Surya, the sun.

Alpha – Regulus – Cor Leonis – Kalb – prince – heart of the lion – Yamaraja-putra – Dharmaputra – Melekh, the king – Basiliskos – Sar-ru – Lugal – Rex – Malik – Regalis.

Beta – Denebola, tail of the lion – Uttara – Dzeneb al-asad – Zanab-al-asad – Aleet.

Gamma – Al Gieba, the forehead/the wondrous.

Delta – Zozma – El Zubra – Dhahr al Ased.

Epsilon – Ras Elased, head of the lion – Rasalas.

Zeta – Adhafera, curl.

Theta – Coxa – Chort – Chertan.

Iota – Tsze Tseang, second general.

Lambda – Alterf, glance.

Mu – Rasalas.

 

Other constellation in Leo

 

5 stars forming the body of Leo are conspicuous by the colour red (Pāndu colour) – Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Theta.

Nakshatra Maghā – Aghāh – Kakkab-Gis-bar (wood of light) – Kakkab Gub-bara-mes-su-tu-e-kur (fire-flame ruler of the host temple of earth) – Al-guba -the sickle – Bhrigu. The 10th nakshatra of sequence in the Indian star asterism system. Made up of the stars Alpha, Gamma, Eta, Epsilon and Delta. Deity – Pitris. 

Purva-Phalguni nakshatra – Arjuni – Kakkab Ili-ku-a (asterism of Maradukh, the oracle god) – Al Zubra. The 11th nakshatra. Made up of the stars Delta and Theta of Leo. Deity – Bhaga (the Aditya)

Uttara Phalguni nakshatra – Arjuni, the black – Kakkab Lamas-su (asterism of the flaming one) – Al Serpha, the lion’s tail. The 12th of the nakshatra system. Made up of stars Beta Leo and Upsilon Virgo. Deity – Aryaman (the Aditya)

El Terfa – Glance of the lion’s eye. Lambda Leo. The 9th Arabic moon station.

El Jeb’ha – Forehead. Made up of Alpha, Eta, Gamma, Zeta, Mu and Epilson of Leo. The 10th Arabic star mansion. 

El Zubra – Hair on the back. Delta and Theta of Leo. The 11th Arabic star asterism. 

El Serba – The turning. Beta Leo. The 12th Arabic moon station.

 

 

Hydra constellation

 

Hrada-sarpa mandala – Tsir-gal, the great snake – Nakhasch maim, the great snake of the water – Kaliya – Rahu – Ananta.

Alpha – Alphard – the solitary one – Rahah – Rahu – Kaliya – Alla, the snake – Al-Ferd – Tur – Tah – Cor Hydrae, heart of the Hydra.

Beta – Sesha.

Zeta – Vasuki.

Sigma – Minhar al Shuja, the snake’s nose.

Tau – Ukdah, the knot.

 

Other constellations in Hydra

 

Asleshā nakshatra – Kattsir-ninake (mouth of the snake drinks) – Kakkab Tur-us-mal-mukh (asterism of the son of the supreme temple) – Ili Danu (the god, the divine judge) – Caput Hydra, the head of Hydra

The stars form a chakra on the hood of Hydra. The 9the nakshatra star asterism. 

Made up of stars Zeta, Epsilon, Eta, Delta and Sigma of Hydra.

 

Sextans constellation 

 

Shashthamsa mandala.

 

Antila constellation

 

Vayu-yantra mandala – Antila Pneumatica – hand pump.